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Didattica della Chimica
 
   
 

Abbondanza degli elementi nell'Universo (stime)

n.atomico Elemento
Acqua di mare
μg dm −3
Crosta terrestre
ppm

                   Meteoriti

 Sole (atomi)

Sistema solare
(atomi)
Rocce
ppm
Ferro
ppm
1 H 1.1 × 10 8 — — — 2.8 × 10 10 (2.8 × 1010)
2 He 0.0072 — — — 2.7 × 10 9 (2.7 × 109)
3 Li 1.7 × 10 2 20 1.7 — 0.4 57
4 Be 0.000 6 2.0 0.040 — 0.4 0.7
5 B 4.4 × 10 3 7.0 2.1 — 11 21
6 C 2.8 × 10 4 — 1.0 × 10 3 1.1 × 10 3 1.0 × 10 7 (1.0 × 107)
7 N 1.6 × 10 4 20 61 33 3.1 × 10 6 (3.1 × 106)
8 O 8.8 × 10 8 3.7 × 10 5 3.7 × 10 5 — 2.4 × 10 7 (2.4 × 107)
9 F 1.3 × 10 3 4.6 × 10 2 1.2 × 10 2 — 103: 8.5 × 10 2
10 Ne 0.12 — — — 3 × 10 6 (3 × 106)
11 Na 1.1 × 10 7 2.3 × 10 4 6.2 × 10 3 — 6.0 × 10 4 5.7 × 10 4
12 Mg 1.3 × 10 6 2.8 × 10 4 1.5 × 10 5 3.2 × 10 2 1.0 × 10 6 1.1 × 10 6
13 Al 1 8.0 × 10 4 1.0 × 10 4 40 8.3 × 10 4 8.5 × 10 4
14 Si 2.9 × 10 3 2.7 × 10 5 1.8 × 10 5 40 1.0 × 10 6 1.0 × 10 6
15 P 88 1.0 × 10 3 1.1 × 10 3 2.2 × 10 3 8 × 10 3 1.0 × 10 4
16 S 9.0 × 10 5 3.0 × 10 2 2.1 × 10 4 3.6 × 10 2 4.5 × 10 5 5.2 × 10 5
17 Cl 1.9 × 10 7 1.9 × 10 2 80 — 9 × 103: 5.2 × 10 3
18 Ar 4.5 × 10 2 — — — (1.0 × 105) (1.0 × 105)
19 K 3.9 × 10 5 1.7 × 10 4 8.8 × 10 2 — 3.7 × 10 3 3.8 × 10 3
20 Ca 4.1 × 10 5 5.1 × 10 4 1.2 × 10 4 5.0 × 10 2 6.4 × 10 4 6.1 × 10 4
21 Sc < 0.004 22 7.6 — 35 34
22 Ti 1 8.6 × 10 3 6.4 × 10 2 1.0 × 10 2 2.7 × 10 3 2.4 × 10 3
23 V 1.9 1.7 × 10 2 63 6 2.8 × 10 2 2.9 × 10 2
24 Cr 0.2 96 3.6 × 10 3 15 1.3 × 10 4 1.3 × 10 4
25 Mn 1.9 1.0 × 10 3 2.3 × 10 3 3.0 × 10 2 6.9 × 10 3 9.5 × 10 3
26 Fe 3.4 5.8 × 10 4 2.5 × 10 5 9.1 × 10 5 9.0 × 10 5 9.0 × 10 5
27 Co 0.39 28 7.0 × 10 2 6.3 × 10 3 2.3 × 10 3 2.3 × 10 3
28 Ni 6.6 72 1.5 × 10 4 6.7 × 10 4 5.0 × 10 4 5.0 × 10 4
29 Cu 23 58 90 1.3 × 10 2 4.5 × 10 2 5.2 × 10 2
30 Zn 11 82 54 28 1.1 × 10 3 1.3 × 10 3
31 Ga 0.03 17 5.1 80 21 38
32 Ge 0.06 1.3 10 37 72 1.2 × 10 2
33 As 2.6 2.0 1.8 11 — 6.6
34 Se 0.090 0.05 8.0 3 — 63
35 Br 6.7 × 10 4 4.0 0.4 1 — 12
36 Kr 0.21 — — — — 48
37 Rb 1.2 × 10 2 70 4.0 — 11 7.0
38 Sr 8.1 × 10 3 4.5 × 10 2 10.0 — 22 24
39 Y 0.001 3 0.35 2.2 — 4.9 4.6
40 Zr 0.026 1.4 × 10 2 10 8 11.2 11.4
41 Nb 0.015 20 0.1 0.2 0.7 0.70
42 Mo 10 1.2 1.5 7.3 2.3 2.6
43 Tc Instabile
44 Ru — — 0.9 11 1.9 1.9
45 Rh — — 0.23 4.1 0.4 0.34
46 Pd — 0.003 0.84 3.8 1.4 1.4
47 Ag 0.28 0.08 0.085 0.035 0.2: 0.49
48 Cd 0.11 0.18 0.06 0.02 2.0 1.6
49 In — 0.2 0.004 0.010 1.3: 0.19
50 Sn 0.81 1.5 0.65 2 3: 3.9
51 Sb 0.33 0.2 0.10 0.34 0.3: 0.31
52 Te — — 1.7 — — 4.9
53 I 64 0.5 0.036 0.6 — 0.9
54 Xe 0.047 — — — — 4.8
55 Cs 0.30 1.6 0.08 — — 0.37
57 La 0.003 4 50 0.32 — 0.5 0.44
58 Ce 0.001 2 83 0.86 — 1.0 1.1
59 Pr 0.000 64 13 0.12 — 0.14 0.17
60 Nd 0.002 8 44 0.59 — 0.9 0.83
61 Pm Instabile
62 Sm 0.000 45 7.7 0.19 — 0.3 0.26
63 Eu 0.000 13 2.2 0.07 — 0.09 0.097
64 Gd 0.000 70 6.3 0.28 — 0.37 0.33
65 Tb 0.001 4 1.0 0.048 — 0.02: 0.060
66 Dy 0.000 91 8.5 0.31 — 0.35 0.40
67 Ho 0.000 22 1.6 0.07 — 0.05: 0.089
68 Er 0.008 7 3.6 0.20 — 0.24 0.25
69 Tm 0.000 17 0.52 0.03 — 0.03: 0.038
70 Yb 0.000 82 3.4 0.19 — 0.34 0.25
71 Lu 0.000 15 0.8 0.033 — 0.15: 0.037
72 Hf <0.008 4 0.24 — 0.21 0.15
73 Ta <0.002 5 2.4 0.022 0.06 — 0.038
74 W <0.001 1.0 0.15 8.1 0.36: 0.13
75 Re — 0.000 4 0.058 0.85 — 0.05
76 Os — 0.000 2 0.77 7.6 0.8 0.67
77 Ir — 0.000 2 0.64 3.0 0.6 0.66
78 Pt — — 1.1 19 1.8: 1.34
79 Au 0.011 0.002 0.20 1.8 0.3: 0.19
80 Hg 0.15 0.02 0.13 — — 0.34
81 Tl — 0.47 0.003 — 0.2: 0.19
82 Pb 0.03 10 0.30 60 2.0 3.1
83 Bi 0.02 0.004 0.012 0.5 — 0.14
84–89 Po–Ac Instabili
90 Th 0.001 5 5.8 0.044 0.04 0.05 0.045
91 Pa Instabile
92 U 3.3 1.6 0.015 0.007 — 0.018
93–102 Np–No Instabili

 

 
Aggiornamento: 17-Lug-2015 14:00
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