|
Abbondanza degli elementi nell'Universo (stime)
n.atomico |
Elemento |
|
|
Meteoriti |
Sole (atomi) |
Sistema
solare
(atomi) |
|
|
1 |
H |
1.1 × 10 8 |
— |
— |
— |
2.8 × 10 10 |
(2.8 × 1010) |
2 |
He |
0.0072 |
— |
— |
— |
2.7 × 10 9 |
(2.7 × 109) |
3 |
Li |
1.7 × 10 2 |
20 |
1.7 |
— |
0.4 |
57 |
4 |
Be |
0.000 6 |
2.0 |
0.040 |
— |
0.4 |
0.7 |
5 |
B |
4.4 × 10 3 |
7.0 |
2.1 |
— |
11 |
21 |
6 |
C |
2.8 × 10 4 |
— |
1.0 × 10 3 |
1.1 × 10 3 |
1.0 × 10 7 |
(1.0 × 107) |
7 |
N |
1.6 × 10 4 |
20 |
61 |
33 |
3.1 × 10 6 |
(3.1 × 106) |
8 |
O |
8.8 × 10 8 |
3.7 × 10 5 |
3.7 × 10 5 |
— |
2.4 × 10 7 |
(2.4 × 107) |
9 |
F |
1.3 × 10 3 |
4.6 × 10 2 |
1.2 × 10 2 |
— |
103: |
8.5 × 10 2 |
10 |
Ne |
0.12 |
— |
— |
— |
3 × 10 6 |
(3 × 106) |
11 |
Na |
1.1 × 10 7 |
2.3 × 10 4 |
6.2 × 10 3 |
— |
6.0 × 10 4 |
5.7 × 10 4 |
12 |
Mg |
1.3 × 10 6 |
2.8 × 10 4 |
1.5 × 10 5 |
3.2 × 10 2 |
1.0 × 10 6 |
1.1 × 10 6 |
13 |
Al |
1 |
8.0 × 10 4 |
1.0 × 10 4 |
40 |
8.3 × 10 4 |
8.5 × 10 4 |
14 |
Si |
2.9 × 10 3 |
2.7 × 10 5 |
1.8 × 10 5 |
40 |
1.0 × 10 6 |
1.0 × 10 6 |
15 |
P |
88 |
1.0 × 10 3 |
1.1 × 10 3 |
2.2 × 10 3 |
8 × 10 3 |
1.0 × 10 4 |
16 |
S |
9.0 × 10 5 |
3.0 × 10 2 |
2.1 × 10 4 |
3.6 × 10 2 |
4.5 × 10 5 |
5.2 × 10 5 |
17 |
Cl |
1.9 × 10 7 |
1.9 × 10 2 |
80 |
— |
9 × 103: |
5.2 × 10 3 |
18 |
Ar |
4.5 × 10 2 |
— |
— |
— |
(1.0 × 105) |
(1.0 × 105) |
19 |
K |
3.9 × 10 5 |
1.7 × 10 4 |
8.8 × 10 2 |
— |
3.7 × 10 3 |
3.8 × 10 3 |
20 |
Ca |
4.1 × 10 5 |
5.1 × 10 4 |
1.2 × 10 4 |
5.0 × 10 2 |
6.4 × 10 4 |
6.1 × 10 4 |
21 |
Sc |
< 0.004 |
22 |
7.6 |
— |
35 |
34 |
22 |
Ti |
1 |
8.6 × 10 3 |
6.4 × 10 2 |
1.0 × 10 2 |
2.7 × 10 3 |
2.4 × 10 3 |
23 |
V |
1.9 |
1.7 × 10 2 |
63 |
6 |
2.8 × 10 2 |
2.9 × 10 2 |
24 |
Cr |
0.2 |
96 |
3.6 × 10 3 |
15 |
1.3 × 10 4 |
1.3 × 10 4 |
25 |
Mn |
1.9 |
1.0 × 10 3 |
2.3 × 10 3 |
3.0 × 10 2 |
6.9 × 10 3 |
9.5 × 10 3 |
26 |
Fe |
3.4 |
5.8 × 10 4 |
2.5 × 10 5 |
9.1 × 10 5 |
9.0 × 10 5 |
9.0 × 10 5 |
27 |
Co |
0.39 |
28 |
7.0 × 10 2 |
6.3 × 10 3 |
2.3 × 10 3 |
2.3 × 10 3 |
28 |
Ni |
6.6 |
72 |
1.5 × 10 4 |
6.7 × 10 4 |
5.0 × 10 4 |
5.0 × 10 4 |
29 |
Cu |
23 |
58 |
90 |
1.3 × 10 2 |
4.5 × 10 2 |
5.2 × 10 2 |
30 |
Zn |
11 |
82 |
54 |
28 |
1.1 × 10 3 |
1.3 × 10 3 |
31 |
Ga |
0.03 |
17 |
5.1 |
80 |
21 |
38 |
32 |
Ge |
0.06 |
1.3 |
10 |
37 |
72 |
1.2 × 10 2 |
33 |
As |
2.6 |
2.0 |
1.8 |
11 |
— |
6.6 |
34 |
Se |
0.090 |
0.05 |
8.0 |
3 |
— |
63 |
35 |
Br |
6.7 × 10 4 |
4.0 |
0.4 |
1 |
— |
12 |
36 |
Kr |
0.21 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
48 |
37 |
Rb |
1.2 × 10 2 |
70 |
4.0 |
— |
11 |
7.0 |
38 |
Sr |
8.1 × 10 3 |
4.5 × 10 2 |
10.0 |
— |
22 |
24 |
39 |
Y |
0.001 3 |
0.35 |
2.2 |
— |
4.9 |
4.6 |
40 |
Zr |
0.026 |
1.4 × 10 2 |
10 |
8 |
11.2 |
11.4 |
41 |
Nb |
0.015 |
20 |
0.1 |
0.2 |
0.7 |
0.70 |
42 |
Mo |
10 |
1.2 |
1.5 |
7.3 |
2.3 |
2.6 |
43 |
Tc |
Instabile |
|
|
|
|
|
44 |
Ru |
— |
— |
0.9 |
11 |
1.9 |
1.9 |
45 |
Rh |
— |
— |
0.23 |
4.1 |
0.4 |
0.34 |
46 |
Pd |
— |
0.003 |
0.84 |
3.8 |
1.4 |
1.4 |
47 |
Ag |
0.28 |
0.08 |
0.085 |
0.035 |
0.2: |
0.49 |
48 |
Cd |
0.11 |
0.18 |
0.06 |
0.02 |
2.0 |
1.6 |
49 |
In |
— |
0.2 |
0.004 |
0.010 |
1.3: |
0.19 |
50 |
Sn |
0.81 |
1.5 |
0.65 |
2 |
3: |
3.9 |
51 |
Sb |
0.33 |
0.2 |
0.10 |
0.34 |
0.3: |
0.31 |
52 |
Te |
— |
— |
1.7 |
— |
— |
4.9 |
53 |
I |
64 |
0.5 |
0.036 |
0.6 |
— |
0.9 |
54 |
Xe |
0.047 |
— |
— |
— |
— |
4.8 |
55 |
Cs |
0.30 |
1.6 |
0.08 |
— |
— |
0.37 |
57 |
La |
0.003 4 |
50 |
0.32 |
— |
0.5 |
0.44 |
58 |
Ce |
0.001 2 |
83 |
0.86 |
— |
1.0 |
1.1 |
59 |
Pr |
0.000 64 |
13 |
0.12 |
— |
0.14 |
0.17 |
60 |
Nd |
0.002 8 |
44 |
0.59 |
— |
0.9 |
0.83 |
61 |
Pm |
Instabile |
|
|
|
|
|
62 |
Sm |
0.000 45 |
7.7 |
0.19 |
— |
0.3 |
0.26 |
63 |
Eu |
0.000 13 |
2.2 |
0.07 |
— |
0.09 |
0.097 |
64 |
Gd |
0.000 70 |
6.3 |
0.28 |
— |
0.37 |
0.33 |
65 |
Tb |
0.001 4 |
1.0 |
0.048 |
— |
0.02: |
0.060 |
66 |
Dy |
0.000 91 |
8.5 |
0.31 |
— |
0.35 |
0.40 |
67 |
Ho |
0.000 22 |
1.6 |
0.07 |
— |
0.05: |
0.089 |
68 |
Er |
0.008 7 |
3.6 |
0.20 |
— |
0.24 |
0.25 |
69 |
Tm |
0.000 17 |
0.52 |
0.03 |
— |
0.03: |
0.038 |
70 |
Yb |
0.000 82 |
3.4 |
0.19 |
— |
0.34 |
0.25 |
71 |
Lu |
0.000 15 |
0.8 |
0.033 |
— |
0.15: |
0.037 |
72 |
Hf |
<0.008 |
4 |
0.24 |
— |
0.21 |
0.15 |
73 |
Ta |
<0.002 5 |
2.4 |
0.022 |
0.06 |
— |
0.038 |
74 |
W |
<0.001 |
1.0 |
0.15 |
8.1 |
0.36: |
0.13 |
75 |
Re |
— |
0.000 4 |
0.058 |
0.85 |
— |
0.05 |
76 |
Os |
— |
0.000 2 |
0.77 |
7.6 |
0.8 |
0.67 |
77 |
Ir |
— |
0.000 2 |
0.64 |
3.0 |
0.6 |
0.66 |
78 |
Pt |
— |
— |
1.1 |
19 |
1.8: |
1.34 |
79 |
Au |
0.011 |
0.002 |
0.20 |
1.8 |
0.3: |
0.19 |
80 |
Hg |
0.15 |
0.02 |
0.13 |
— |
— |
0.34 |
81 |
Tl |
— |
0.47 |
0.003 |
— |
0.2: |
0.19 |
82 |
Pb |
0.03 |
10 |
0.30 |
60 |
2.0 |
3.1 |
83 |
Bi |
0.02 |
0.004 |
0.012 |
0.5 |
— |
0.14 |
84–89 |
Po–Ac |
Instabili |
|
|
|
|
|
90 |
Th |
0.001 5 |
5.8 |
0.044 |
0.04 |
0.05 |
0.045 |
91 |
Pa |
Instabile |
|
|
|
|
|
92 |
U |
3.3 |
1.6 |
0.015 |
0.007 |
— |
0.018 |
93–102 |
Np–No |
Instabili |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|